Green Haemodialysis: Fresenius Granumix Acid Delivery System

The Fresenius Granumix system replaces single-use acid concentrate bags in haemodialysis with a central acid delivery system that produces concentrate on-site using dry concentrate powder in reusable containers. Life Cycle Assessment results from AOU Policlinico di Modena demonstrate a 30% reduction in climate change impacts, a 15% reduction in freshwater ecotoxicity, and significant reductions in acidification, resource use, and waste generation. The system eliminates over 4,500 kg of plastic waste and reduces transport emissions by avoiding the delivery of tens of thousands of single-use acid bags annually. This provides measurable environmental and operational benefits while maintaining clinical performance.